Sychytrium endobioticum: vipengele vya uchunguzi kwa ajili ya uchunguzi

Synchytrium endobioticum husababisha ugonjwa wa wart ya viazi. Synchytrium endobioticum ni vimelea vya lazima ambavyo havitoi hyphae lakini sporangia, ambayo ina zoospores za motile. Sporangia ya majira ya joto ni nyembamba-ukuta na ya muda mfupi. Wao huundwa katika tishu za viazi na hutoa maambukizi mapya ya zoospore. Vimbe kwenye mapumziko (wakati mwingine pia hujulikana kama sporangia ya msimu wa baridi, spora za msimu wa baridi, sori ya kupumzika au sori ya msimu wa baridi) huwa na ukuta nene na hudumu kwa muda mrefu sana hata kama hakuna mwenyeji. Hizi zinaweza kuzalishwa katika msimu wote wa ukuaji. Wao hutolewa kutoka kwa warts zinazooza kwenye udongo. Utambuzi wa S. endobioticum unahusu mimea yote, ambayo warts zinaweza kuunda, na udongo, ambao unaweza
kubeba spores za kupumzika.

Pathotypes nyingi (mbio) zimeelezewa katika S. endobioticum . These are defined by their virulence on differential potato cultivars. Pathotype 1(D1) is now rarely reported infecting potato in Europe because few potato cultivars are susceptible to it, apparently due to the availability of dominant resistance in the host. Other pathotypes are now reported to occur more frequently in Western Europe, and are particularly found in the rainy mountainous areas of Central and Eastern Europe. They also occur outside Europe (e.g. in Newfoundland, Canada and in the Asian part of Turkey). Resistance to these pathotypes is rare, so control is more difficult. Pathotypes other than 1(D1) are distinguished through differential virulence to specific potato cultivars, but otherwise seem to be more closely related to each other than to pathotype 1(D1). Internal measures recommended in EPPO countries require that pathotypes are identified.

Utambulisho wa sporangia ya majira ya joto au spora za kupumzika zinazozingatiwa chini ya darubini zinaweza kuthibitishwa na PCR ya kawaida,
na PCR ya wakati halisi. PCR ya Kawaida inategemea kiweka nafasi cha ndani kilichonakiliwa cha eneo la DNA ya ribosomal (ITS) na kiambishi awali kikiunganisha kwa ITS1 na kianzilishi cha nyuma kinachounganisha kwa ITS2. PCR ya wakati halisi ya van Gent-Pelzer et al. (2010) inategemea ITS2. PCR ya wakati halisi ya Smith et al. (2014) ambayo imefafanuliwa hapa inategemea ribosomal ndogo ya subunit (SSU).
DNA (18S rDNA). PCR ya wakati halisi iliyotengenezwa na Bonants et al. (2015) inategemea pathotype 1(D1)-inayohusishwa na upolimifu wa nukleotidi moja (SNP) iliyotambuliwa kwa kutumia uchanganuzi wa upunguzaji wa utata wa mfuatano wa polimofi (CRoPS). Wakati wa kutumia nyenzo za wart ya viazi, udhibiti mzuri wa kutengwa unaolenga mmea wa COX gene hutumiwa kufuatilia ufanisi wa kutengwa kwa DNA. Pathotype 1(D1) inaweza kutofautishwa kutoka angalau pathotypes 2(G1), 6(O1) na 18(T1) na PCR ya wakati halisi.

Rejea: PM 7/28 (2) Synchytrium endobioticum. EPPO Bulletin, 47: 420–440. https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.12441